, styling himself Emperor of Austria. The two empires have since remained entirely distinct and separate, Tyrol, of course, following the fortunes of Austria, During the revolutionary excitement of 1848 the Emperor Ferdi nand I of Austria, with the Empress Maria Anna, took refuge in Innsbruck, where the people welcomed them most loyally, drawing the royal carriage themselves, with loud rejoicings, through the illu minated streets. Citizens and Schützen alternately kept watch at the palace doors. In the
Austro-Italian campaign of 1848 the Tyrol eans fought bravely under the famous General Radetzky, who de clared that «each one was a hero-». The present Emperor, Francis Joseph I.’, began his reign on De cember 8tk, 1848. In 1859, the Austro-Italian provinces, with the exception of Venice, were absorbed by the Kingdom of Sardinia, previous to the formation of the new Kingdom of Italy. Thus Tyrol became of fresh importance to Austria as a frontier land bordering upon Italy," and the valor of the people
was again put to proof in 1866, when Prussia, being at war with Austria, supported the Italians in an attempt to seize upon South Tyrol. In the Battle of Custozza, which ensued, the Austrian army of 70,000, including Imperial Jäger and Schützen forces of Tyrol, won a brilliant victory over the army of King Victor; Emmanuel, numbering about 120,000. This was fol lowed by other successful sallies on the part of the Tyroleans, both now and immediately after, when the Prussians had defeated the Austrians
